【Introduction】

In 1622 (the 2nd year of Emperor Tianqi of the Min Dynasty) fearing that Spanish forces might enter Taiwan first, the Dutch turned their attention to Penghu. A Dutch flotilla of seven warships arrived in Penghu at a time when the Qing naval garrison had left their seasonal anti-piracy defensive positions unmanned. As a result, the Dutch did not face any resistance when setting up a base in Penghu. In August, 1622, the Dutch built a fort on Shetou Mountain in Fengkuiwei which served as their future base for trading with the Ming Dynasty. The fort was built in a square layout with protruding bastions at each corner. Measuring 56.7 meters on each side and approximately seven meters high, a total of 29 cannons were installed in the fort. The entrance to the fort was built on the southeast side, whereas a moat was built by the southwest earth wall connected to Fengkuiwei Peninsula,. A three-story structure was built on the southeast side and barracks were also built near the northeast and southwest walls. After completing the fort, the Dutch once again demanded trade with the Ming government, but were rejected. After being rebuffed, they put forth their array of warships as a threat. Governor Nan Juyi ordered a naval counterattack led by Garrison Commander Yu Zigao. Isolated and without access to reinforcements, the Dutch were forced to accept Sun Guozhen's suggestion that they "destroy the fort and move away and then trade will be allowed." The Dutch destroyed the fort and withdrew their forces in 1624. They then occupied Anping, where they built the Orange Castle (which later became known as Fort Zeelandia). Though only the ruins of the Fengkiuwei Dutch Fort remain today, it remains significant as part of the history of overseas Dutch artillery forts, and also the first instance of a Western-style artillery fort to the area of Penghu.

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