【Introduction】

During the Qing Dynasty, a patrol inspector was stationed in An-ao (meaning “hidden bay,” located in current day Xiwen Borough). Later, a magistrate was stationed but there was no establishment of a city. After the Sino-French War, Governor-General Yang Changjun met with Governor Liu Mingchuan to organize Penghu’s defense and to inspect the terrain. After a detailed survey by Garrison Commander Wu Hongluo, a fort was built by the seaside in Magong. The construction began in 1887 (the 13th year of Emperor Guangxu) under Wu’s supervision and was completed in 1889. The city wall faced the sea to the southeast and was connected to the Jinguitou Fortress to the west. A protective moat was built on the north side. The wall measured 789 Zhang (2,762 meters) in total length, with 570 merlons installed at the top. The wall contained a total of six gates: East Gate (Chaoyang), West Gate (Daxi), South Gate (Jixu), North Gate (Gongchen), a smaller West Gate (Shuncheng), and a smaller South Gate (Yingxun). All except West Gate have gate towers built on top. During the Japanese colonial period, urban development led to demolition of the south wall and both south gates. Walls and gates on the north and east sides were also demolished later. The moat was filled in and leveled. What still remains today is the west wall and both west gates that safeguard military facilities such as the fort’s defense command center. After World War II, the military perimeters west of the city became part of the Penghu Defense Command. The smaller West Gate (Shuncheng Gate) was restored to its original form and currently it is the only remnant of Makung Old City Wall and a testament to the architectural history of Penghu.

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